The amount of uranium being used by the U.S. military in guided weapons systems is unknown and unproven. The figures in this article are speculative. However, as Saddam Hussein is frequently told, it is for them to disclose, not for us to prove. All governments using radiological material in weapons should be open to inspection. Until such time, the greatest precautionary measures should be taken for the protection of both civilians and troops. A debate on the nature and effects of the weapons being developed and used by the U.S. in its new wars is long overdue. If the continuing "war on terror" is to render tracts of the earth uninhabitable and is going to maim and kill for generations, we should be saying, like Rokke, that war must become obsolete!
Joanne Baker B.Ed MSc Human Ecology
Pandora DU Research Project
pduproject@yahoo.co.uk
http://www.pandoraproject.org
References
1.Iraqi Ministry of Health figures. Used by UNICEF and other UN bodies.
Available: http://www.irak.be/ned/archief/Statistics2001.htm
2. Flanders L “Mal de Guerre” , The Nation March 7 1994 p. 292
3.Yacoub, A., Al-Sadoon, I. and Hasan, J. The Evidence for Causal Association between Exposure to Depleted Uranium and Malignancies among Children in Basrah by Applying Epidemiological Criteria of Causality Available: http://www.pandoraproject.org
4. Source: Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, "Integrated Humanitarian Contingency Plan for Iraq and Neighbouring Countries", confidential draft, 3 January 2003
Available:http://www.casi.org.uk/info/undocs/ocha030107notes.html
5. Williams D., (October 2002) Hazards of Uranium Weapons in the Proposed War on Iraq. Eos. http://www.eoslifeworks .co.uk/u23.htm
6. Refer to Robert James Parsons, Geneva United Nations Office, Press Room No 1
CH - 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland
7.The Royal Society (2002) The Health Hazards of Depleted Uranium Munitions Part II The Royal Society, 6-9 Carlton House Terrace, London SW17 5AG
8. Reuters, October 29, 2001
9. Mohammed Daud Miraki, MA, MA, PhD, Freelance Academic Afghan-American Interviews, December 2002
10. Uranium Medical Research Center Field Report from Afghanistan http://www.umrc.net/projectAfghanistan.asp
11. Ibid.
12.Gulf Veterans Illness Unit (March 15, 2001) Depleted Uranium - Safety Guidance to UK Armed Forces and MOD Civilians Para 24 Ref 17 and Para 31
13. Al-Azzawi S, Marouf, B Abdul-Rahman M S, Al-Saji A, Rasheed W, Mugwar A, Environmental Pollution Resulting From the Use of Depleted Uranium Weaponry Against Iraq During 1991 Available: pduproject@yahoo.co.uk
14. Durakovic, A. (1999) Internal Contamination with Uranium Croation Med. J.;40:49-66 p. 53
15. Drakovic, A., Horan, P., Dietz, L., (2002) The Quantitative Analysis of Depleted Uranium Isotopes in British, Canadian, and U.S. Gulf War Veterans Military Medicine, 167, 8:620, p. 625
16.European Commission (6th March 2001) Opinion of the Group of Experts Established According to Article 31 of the Euratom Treaty
Jean Monnet, Rue de Alcide de Gasperi, L-2920 Luxembourg p14
17.World Health Organisation Report (March 2001) Depleted uranium: sources, exposure and health effects Executive Summary
http://www.who.int/environmental_information/ radiation/depluraniumexecsume.htm
18. See Recommendations of the European Committee on Radiation Risk (ECRR).
The Health Effects of Ionising Radiation Exposure at Low Doses and Low Dose Rates for Radiation Protection Purposes: Regulators’ Edition http://www.euradcom.org
19. See work by Professor Eric Wright i.e. Background to the Research Available: http://www.dundee.ac.uk/pathology/ew.htm
Also Radiation and Genome Stability Unit Recent findings of Radiation-Induced Stability Sub-Group http://www.ragsu.har.mrc.ac.uk/instability/index.htm
20. SAIC July 1990 Kinetic Energy Penetrator Environmental and Health Considerations
Vol 1 2.2
21. European Parliament resolution on the Harmful Effects of Unexploded Ordnance (landmines and cluster submunitions) and Depleted Uranium Ammunition. Plenary debate: Strasbourg. 12th February 2003
Joanne Baker B.Ed MSc Human Ecology
Pandora DU Research Project
pduproject@yahoo.co.uk
http://www.pandoraproject.org
References
1.Iraqi Ministry of Health figures. Used by UNICEF and other UN bodies.
Available: http://www.irak.be/ned/archief/Statistics2001.htm
2. Flanders L “Mal de Guerre” , The Nation March 7 1994 p. 292
3.Yacoub, A., Al-Sadoon, I. and Hasan, J. The Evidence for Causal Association between Exposure to Depleted Uranium and Malignancies among Children in Basrah by Applying Epidemiological Criteria of Causality Available: http://www.pandoraproject.org
4. Source: Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, "Integrated Humanitarian Contingency Plan for Iraq and Neighbouring Countries", confidential draft, 3 January 2003
Available:http://www.casi.org.uk/info/undocs/ocha030107notes.html
5. Williams D., (October 2002) Hazards of Uranium Weapons in the Proposed War on Iraq. Eos. http://www.eoslifeworks .co.uk/u23.htm
6. Refer to Robert James Parsons, Geneva United Nations Office, Press Room No 1
CH - 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland
7.The Royal Society (2002) The Health Hazards of Depleted Uranium Munitions Part II The Royal Society, 6-9 Carlton House Terrace, London SW17 5AG
8. Reuters, October 29, 2001
9. Mohammed Daud Miraki, MA, MA, PhD, Freelance Academic Afghan-American Interviews, December 2002
10. Uranium Medical Research Center Field Report from Afghanistan http://www.umrc.net/projectAfghanistan.asp
11. Ibid.
12.Gulf Veterans Illness Unit (March 15, 2001) Depleted Uranium - Safety Guidance to UK Armed Forces and MOD Civilians Para 24 Ref 17 and Para 31
13. Al-Azzawi S, Marouf, B Abdul-Rahman M S, Al-Saji A, Rasheed W, Mugwar A, Environmental Pollution Resulting From the Use of Depleted Uranium Weaponry Against Iraq During 1991 Available: pduproject@yahoo.co.uk
14. Durakovic, A. (1999) Internal Contamination with Uranium Croation Med. J.;40:49-66 p. 53
15. Drakovic, A., Horan, P., Dietz, L., (2002) The Quantitative Analysis of Depleted Uranium Isotopes in British, Canadian, and U.S. Gulf War Veterans Military Medicine, 167, 8:620, p. 625
16.European Commission (6th March 2001) Opinion of the Group of Experts Established According to Article 31 of the Euratom Treaty
Jean Monnet, Rue de Alcide de Gasperi, L-2920 Luxembourg p14
17.World Health Organisation Report (March 2001) Depleted uranium: sources, exposure and health effects Executive Summary
http://www.who.int/environmental_information/ radiation/depluraniumexecsume.htm
18. See Recommendations of the European Committee on Radiation Risk (ECRR).
The Health Effects of Ionising Radiation Exposure at Low Doses and Low Dose Rates for Radiation Protection Purposes: Regulators’ Edition http://www.euradcom.org
19. See work by Professor Eric Wright i.e. Background to the Research Available: http://www.dundee.ac.uk/pathology/ew.htm
Also Radiation and Genome Stability Unit Recent findings of Radiation-Induced Stability Sub-Group http://www.ragsu.har.mrc.ac.uk/instability/index.htm
20. SAIC July 1990 Kinetic Energy Penetrator Environmental and Health Considerations
Vol 1 2.2
21. European Parliament resolution on the Harmful Effects of Unexploded Ordnance (landmines and cluster submunitions) and Depleted Uranium Ammunition. Plenary debate: Strasbourg. 12th February 2003